This leaf-shaped electromagnetic pendulum DIY kit is a STEM education electronic kit that integrates electronic soldering practice, physics principle learning, and desktop decoration. Based on the principles of electromagnetic induction and the Hall effect, the kit allows users to assemble the pendulum through soldering, enabling the leaf to swing continuously and automatically. Combined with colorful LED lighting effects, it is both fun and educational, making it an introductory practical project for electronics enthusiasts, students, and makers.
Core Working Principle:
The kit uses a Hall sensor to detect changes in the magnetic field, which, in conjunction with an electromagnetic coil, generates an alternating magnetic field. This field exerts a continuous pushing/pulling force on the magnet at the base of the pendulum, thus maintaining the periodic swing of the pendulum. When a magnet is above a Hall sensor, the Hall sensor detects the magnetic field and outputs a low-level signal. Transistor Q1 de-conducts, and transistor Q2 conducts. During conduction, current flows through inductor L1, generating a magnetic field within L1. The direction of this magnetic field is determined by the direction of current flow in the coil, following the right-hand screw rule. When the magnetic fields of the coil and the magnet repel each other, the magnet is pushed away. Once the magnet is pushed away, the Hall sensor no longer detects the magnetic field and outputs a high-level signal. Q2 de-conducts, and the residual potential in L1 dissipates through D1. This cycle repeats, causing the electronic swinger to oscillate continuously.
Product Highlights and Functions:
1. Adjustable Oscillation: The amplitude, speed, and frequency of the electronic swinger can be controlled through its acrylic casing, making the swing smoother and more comfortable.
2. Energy Saving and Environmentally Friendly: The electronic swinger is electrically driven, offering higher energy efficiency and lower energy consumption compared to traditional mechanical swingers.
3. Highly Adaptable: The amplitude and speed of the electronic swinger can be adjusted to meet the needs of different users.
4. Stable and Reliable: After 24 hours of continuous testing, the system demonstrated stable and reliable performance with low power consumption.
5. Vibrant Lighting Effects: Features vibrant LED lighting effects and freely controllable LED running lights.
Circuit Diagram and PCB Layout:
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